ELECTRONICS AND ITS GROWTH

     Electronic Technology is moving so fast that new developments can be confusing for consumers to understand.

The growth of Electronics leads to diverse applications in the field of Science and Technology, Medical Technology and Engineering. The various devices that are used for practical applications are Radio, Televisions, Computers, Telephones, Mobile phones, and other communication devices.

    The growth of Electronics leads to diverse applications in the field of science and technology, medical technology, engineering and other communication devices. Since it is a field in development, additional researchers lead to many applications that are practically revolutionized, there is no limit to their development and they will continue forever.

BASIC ON ELECTRONICS AND ITS GROWTH.

     To understand the latest news on an electronic technology of the world, one must know the basic elements of electricity and electronics.

    The basic definition of an Electronics is "it is a branch of Electrical Engineering". Electrical engineering has developed to such an extent that for Current Driving, a Medium is required. Electronic Engineering has been established to such an extent that there is a current Driving even in Void. 

  Later, the development of the electronics after the vacuum tube reached the level of a semiconductor.

The basic theory behind the semiconductor is the ATOMIC STRUCTURE. According to the atomic theory of John Dalton, an atom is defined as the smallest particle of an element that is indivisible. Later, the scientist Bohr Rutherford modified the atomic theory of Dalton and affirmed that an atom is the smallest particle of an element, but it can be divisible.

   They assigned him a model for an atom so that an atom consists of a central nucleus and the electrons revolve around the nucleus in elliptical orbits.

THREE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES OF AN ATOM

    The three fundamental particles of an atom are electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge, protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge. An atom consists of a central nucleus, the electrons revolve around the nucleus in elliptical orbits. The number of electrons that revolve around the nucleus in elliptical orbits is given by the formula 2n². Where 'n' is the number of orbits, for the first orbit n = 1, 2 n² = 2x1² = 2

The first orbit has 2 electrons, n = 2, 2n² = 2 (2) ² = 8,

The second orbit has 8 electrons, n = 3, 2x3² = 18,

The third orbit will have 18 electrons.

    This rule has its own exemption, the last orbit must have a maximum of 8 electrons and the last, except one, must have a maximum number of 18 electrons. The electrons present in the outermost orbit play an important role. It is this electron that decides whether the given substance is a CONDUCTOR, ISOLATOR or SEMICONDUCTOR. The electrons present in the outermost orbit are known as free electrons or valence electrons.

   Consequently, if the number of Valence electrons is less than 4, the given substance is a CONDUCTOR. The number of valences is greater than four, the given substance is an ISOLATOR. If the number of electrons of Valence is equal to 4, the given substance is a SEMICONDUCTOR.

The commonly known Semiconductors are Silicon (si) with atomic number 14, Germanium (Ge) with atomic number 32, Carbon with atomic number 6. When using the rule 2n² for itself with the atomic number 14, the electron distribution is 2,8, 4 respectively in 1st, 2nd, 3rd orbit. Based on this we can define a Semiconductor since it is a substance whose valence electrons are always equal to 4.

     There are two types of semiconductors

1.Intrinsic Semiconductor2.Extrinsic Semiconductor.

The load capacity of semiconductors improves when adding impurities to a pure Semiconductor. The process of adding impurities to a pure semiconductor, therefore, adding impurities to alter its chemical structure and improve its conduction is called doping.

     There are two types of impurities, pentavalent impurities, and trivalent impurities. The addition of pentavalent impurities produces a large number of free electrons and the trivalent impurity produces a large number of holes. Depending on the type of impurity added, the extrinsic semiconductors may be of the following two types (1) type p and (2) type n.

     The current carrying capacity of a semiconductor is of the two types of charge carriers, holes and free electrons. In the case of a p-type semiconductor, most of the carriers are the holes and the minority carriers are the electrons. In the case of n-type semiconductors, most carriers are free electrons and minority carriers are holes.

When a p-type semiconductor is combined with an n-type semiconductor, a PN junction results, and two terminal and layer devices are known as diodes.

     The terminal that is extracted from the p-type semiconductor material is known as the anode (A) and the terminals that are extracted from the n-type semiconductor material are known as the Cathode (K). This diode has a unique feature of conducting the current in a single direction that is polarized forward.

    The particular property of the diode to conduct the current in one direction is used to use it as a rectifier. It is a device that converts the available alternating current into the required direct current. DC power supplies are the source of all electronic products. Later, with the invention of Transistor by J.Bardeen and W H Brattain Bell Telephone Laboratories in the USA. UU., The transistor almost replaces the vacuum tube in many applications.

    The further development of Electronics leads to Power Electronic devices such as SER, FET, UJT, TRIAC, DIAC, etc.

    Power Electronics is a branch of electronics that deals with the control of power flow in a system. The multimeter as its name indicates that it is used for the measurement of multiple uses, it is used as a voltmeter (to measure the AC / DC voltage) Ammeter (to measure the AC / DC current) Ohmmeter (to measure the resistance)

    The further development of discrete components leads to an Integrated Circuit (IC) in which circuit components such as transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc., are automatically part of a small semiconductor chip.

    The Semiconductor chip is further developed in microprocessors. Advanced microprocessors to Micro Controllers. Microcontrollers currently lead to surface mount technology. In Surface Mount Technology (SMD) have small terminals that are fixed by a printed circuit board. The surface mount technology is mainly used due to its characteristics as small size, union of devices without making holes and easy to weld, etc. SMD devices are Resistors, Capacitors, Diode, Transistors, MOSFET, Potentiometer, Two-way switches, etc.