SEMICONDUCTOR n-type
when a small amount of pentavalent impurities is added to a pure semiconductor, it is known as an n-type semiconductor. The addition of pentavalent impurities produces a large number of free electrons in the semiconductor crystal, from the bonding diagram. Since arsenic is a pentavalent element, the four valence electrons of germanium form a covalent bond with the arsenic atom and the electrons of the fifth valence are left free producing n-type conductors. SEMICONDUCTOR p-type When a small amount of trivalent impurities is added to a pure semiconductor, it is called p-type semiconductor. Such impurities that produce the p-type Semiconductor are known as acceptor impurities because the holes created can accept the electrons. The formation of the p-type semiconductor can be explained with the help of the connection diagram mentioned above. When a small amount of trivalent impurities such as gallium is added to the pure germa...
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